Sundowning or Sundower’s Syndrome is a common behavior that occurs in the early evening as natural light decreases and is characterized by confusion, anxiety, aggression, or agitation. It is caused by damage to the area of the brain that regulates a person's internal clock, thus disrupting the sleep-wake cycle. It can lead to increased napping during the day and difficulty sleeping at night, especially if the person has not been very engaged during the day.

To reduce the risk of sundowning, try:

• Evaluating the environment. Make sure it is well lit and free from shadows during the late afternoon and early evening. 

• Limiting daytime napping.

• Maintaining a routine and staying engaged during the day.  

• Scheduling an activity for times when sundowning is likely to occur. 

See Tips for Managing Behaviors.

Sleep Disturbances

It is common for people with dementia to experience problems with sleeping. Some people may mistake day for night and sleep during the day instead of at night.  Others may wake up during the night confused and disoriented, which increases their risk of falling or wandering. 

Sleep disturbances can be exacerbated by:

• Excessive napping during the day

• Lack of daytime activities or engagement 

• Medication side effects 

• The use of caffeine and alcohol

• Feeling pain or discomfort

• Lack of exposure to daylight

Tips for improving sleep:

• Maintain a regular daily schedule including meal times, activities, and bedtime.

• Limit naps during the day.

• Keep your loved one busy, active and engaged during the day.

• Eliminate the use of computers and cell phones at least 30 minutes before bed.

• Keep the room dimly lit with a nightlight. 

• Avoid or limit caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol.

• Open curtains in the morning to improve morning light.

• Keep familiar objects in the bedroom so that if they wake up, they can  find comfort in them.

• If your loved one wakes during the night, encourage them to sit in a chair and listen to music as opposed to staying in bed. 

See home safety tips on bedroom safety to reduce the risks of falls at night.